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One of the challenging aspects are the large number of different languages in Papua New Guinea. In Papuan languages on wikipedia they reported 40 language families. This is an extreme variability, which means that each of the language families probably had parallel language developments.
If this would mean that we have parallel Y-DNA lineages, we would need about the same number of Y-DNA lines. If we look at the different branches in yfull (and the literature) we find a limited number of branches, since only a small number of people have done a NGS test and reported it.
We find a few persons in haplogroup C, who might be related to the Austronesian languages, see O. This C-Z31885 has a characteristic Melanesian Y-DNA, with a branch split of about 40kybp and descendants in Melanesia (Australia, Maluku and New Guinea).
In yfull we have six branch splits in M and one in C, all near 8000-1100ybp. In haplogoup S we have two additional branch splits near 13000 ybp. Following these data (in total 19 samples) we have at the moment 4 ancestors present before 13000 ybp (two in S, two in M and two in C). They had a fast population growth near 10000ybp in New Guinea, and the branches lived independently parallel. The scenario of parallel tribes with individual languages is similar as found in the Q-branches in the Americas. In both cases the development of individual languages in separate lines was on the timescale of 10000 years.
Additonal samples: P-BY49600 and P-PF5850 (both unique branches on a timescale of 40kybp) and the reports of Australian branches in K* and M in Bergstrom et al (2016). The pattern of Y-DNA and languages is similar as that in New Guinea and the Americas: many narrow Y-DNA lines, and many non-related languages. In this case several Y-DNA lines are as long as 40000ybp; about 13 languages families and isolates are reported..
link to phylogenetic tree: S
link to phylogenetic tree: M
