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The Koisan languages fit the pattern that is also present in the Americas and Melanesia: many unrelated language families, isolates and many narrow Y-DNA lineages. The Y-DNA lineages in Africa are much older than 10.000 years, so different language families and isolates are in line with the other regions.
A relation between Nilo-Saharan languages and Y-DNA was found by Hassan et al. in Sudan. The old A-M13 and B-branches were found in the Nilo-Saharan languages. Whether these languages are a language family or isolate languages is still in discussion. The shared characteristics are probably old, which is consistent with small groups evolving in isolation.
The Bantu population growth and the expansion of the Niger-Congo languages is an expansion of the early branches of E-L485 and E-M4232 at the south western side of the Sahara. They expanded later (about 4000ybp) to the other areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Only in areas where these branches did not become the largest tribes, the older languages (often isolates or small families) survived. These are the areas where haplogroup A and B are present and where the Khoisan and Nilo-Saharan languages are spoken.
The increase of the E-V38 branches can be recognized in the histogram in the bottom, where the E-V38 branch is the only branch that increases in percentage between 8000-3000ybp.
While several recent branches in Saudi Arabia are present, many older branches are not yet present, due to the limited tests in Africa in the yfull database. The difference in pattern between 8000-3000ybp will not change with an improved coverage. Probably the location of the ancestors will improve and it is likely that several of branches in Saudi Arabia arrived there after the Arab conquests in Africa.
link to phylogenetic tree: E-M35
link to phylogenetic tree: E-V38
link to phylogenetic tree: E-M132
link to phylogenetic tree: E-M75
link to phylogenetic tree: B
link to phylogenetic tree: A1b1
link to phylogenetic tree: A1a
link to phylogenetic tree: A0
yfull-links: E - E-M5479 - E-P147 - E-P177 - E-M215 - E-M35
yfull-links: E - E-M5479 - E-P147 - E-P177 - E-V38
yfull-links: E - E-M5479 - E-P147 - E-M132
yfull-links: E - E-M75
yfull-links: B
yfull-links: A1b1
yfull-links: A1a
yfull-links: A0
